Effective organisation management

Introduction and Overview Organisational effectiveness is one of the key measures of the success of a business. It entails examining the business in terms of its profitability, productivity, efficiency, adaptive-ness, growth, morale, stability, and ethical conditions. For these conditions to be achieved, it is necessary that the organisation architecture, decision making process leadership and team building activities be carried out effectively.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effective organisation management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research work evaluates the different managerial functions that must be carried out to ensure that the organisation is effectiveness. A detailed analysis of these factors is carried out to determine their importance and what managers should do to ensure that their company is effective. Organisational Architecture Organisational architecture refers to the proces s through which organisations guide and control the business so as to realize their principle qualities such as customer satisfaction. Figure 1 below shows the main elements of the organisation architecture. Figure 3 elements of organisational architecture Organisational Society An organisation is operated under strict guidelines and fixed rules. Furthermore, organisations have a hierarchical rank. This is referred to as bureaucracy. The main characteristics of a bureaucratic organisation are division of labour, technical competence, hierarchy to the authority, meritocracy, rules, formalization and rights of the position. For the organisation to be effective the following factors must be taken into consideration: operations should revolve around the process power must be dispersed the organisation must focus on the customer the organisation must combine both managerial and non managerial functions the company must invest in training and developing employees the company must rewar d employees Organisational structure The organisational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of an organisation. This structure enables effective communication and sharing of duties within the organisation. Organisation structure results to differentiation and integration. Differentiation entails the subdivision of an activity into smaller parts while integration entails to combination of many task to produce a product or service.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Decision making within the organisation Decision making in an organisation is one of the key elements. Managers make crosscutting decisions that affect the company performance. Management science developed the need for appropriate decision making in an organisation. In 1950 the bounded rationality theory was introduced as alternative to the classical theory. In 1953, the Herbert Simon formalized the be havioural theory (Simon, 1979). Decision making theories Ethical decision making process will entail the use of several principles such as reality principle, value creation, justice, honesty, rational self interest and long term profit (Woiceshyn, 315). Rational decision making process In this category, there are two main theories, these are; the classical and the behavioural theory. The classical theory asserts that the predictive power is got from environment shape while the behavioural theory relies on the knowledge and computational abilities of the human agent (Ibrahim, 631). Rational decision making process is a systematic process that aids in the formulation of a decision (Williams, 89; Ibrahim, 631). This process is sequential and has several steps as outlined below (Lunenburg 3): Problem identification Identifying alternatives Evaluating the different alternatives Selecting the best alternative Implementing the selected alternative Monitoring the decision effectiveness Li mitations of the decision making process The main limitation that affect the decision making process are Limited mental capacities and know how Limited resources Complexities in the organisational environment and emotions (Good Yeganeh,15). Management power For the management to be effective, they must wield some power on their employees. There are several sources of power which managers rely on. These sources of power include: expert power, legitimate power, referent power, reward power and coercive power. Roles of power in an organisation The main purposes of managers excising power in an organisation are Motivation: managers use power to motivate their employees Reward and punish employees: authority allows managers to reward hard working workers and reprimand errant employees Compelling vision: the managers can develop a compelling vision Types of managers The main types of managers are (McClelland, 128):Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effec tive organisation management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Affiliative managers: these managers aspire to be liked that getting the job done Personal power manager: this group focus on getting the job done and don’t care how employees perceive them. Institutional managers: these are more interested with power more than anything else Tactics used by managers to influence their employees Influence can be defined as the ability to change someone behaviour. Managers use different tactics to influence their employees. Managers must master the ability to influence their employees positively for them to deliver better results as compared to the organisation competitors (Rykrsmith, 1). To do these, managers must develop appropriate tactics. The development of these tactics is influenced by the leader traits, behaviour and the current organisation situation (Holmes, 1). Among the major tactics used by managers include: coalition, e xchange, consultation, exchange, pressure, inspirational appeal, legitimating, personal appeal and rational persuasion. Team building within an organisation Team building entails the process through which members of a given organisation are seen as working as a group and not as individuals. The main essence of a team is shared goals, collective work, mutual accountability and assigning teams different roles (Norman-Culp, 2). In a team, the members are all committed into working for a common goal and this brings out efficiency and effectiveness in product and service delivery (Katzenback, Jon and Douglas, 167) A manager must choose and build a team effectively, the main strategies followed when choosing and managing a team are Select members with skills and potential to handle the assigned task The rules and regulation must be clear The group should be trained and new information availed to them The group and its leader should spend time together Hardworking teams should be rewarded (Katzenbach and Smith, 124) Communications within the organisation Communication can be defined as passing of information from one person to another. For managers to be effective in their day to day duties, they must have good communication skills. Communication helps a manager to perform his main duties such as planning, controlling and organising. The main communication documents within the organisation are letters, memos, financial reports and outlines. The main elements of an organisational conversation include intimacy, inclusion, intentionality and interactivity (Stephen et al.,155). Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions In conclusion, there are several factors that affect the effectiveness of a given organisation. These factors include the organisation architecture, leadership, adopted strategies, team building activities, effective communication and appropriate decision making process. The managers must enhance all these skills for them to be effective and for the or ganisation to grow. Recommendations For an organisation to be effective the following must be doneAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ensure that the decision making process within the organisation is adequate and managers can be able to make rational decisions Ensure that workers are encouraged to work as a team Ensure that there a good communication channels within the organisation Ensure the managers and employees are well trained Ensure that the company has a good corporate culture which is geared towards employee and customer satisfaction Works Cited Simon, H. A. Rational Decision Making in Business Organization. American Economic  Review, 69(4), 493-513. (1979). Good, D. and Yeganeh, B. â€Å"Cognitive Agility: Adapting to Real-time Decision Making at Work†. OD Practitioner, 44.2 (2012):13-17. Print. Woiceshyn, Jaana. â€Å"A Model for Ethical Decision Making in Businesss: Reasoning, Intuition, and Rational Moral Principles†. Journal of Business Ethics, 104.3. (2011): 311-323. Ibrahim, M. â€Å"Theory of bounded rationality†. Public Management, 91.5. (2009):3-5. Lunenburg, Fred. â₠¬Å"The Decision Making Process.† National Forum of Educational  Administration and Supervision Journal 27.4 (2010): n. pag. Web. Radner, R. Costly and bounded rationality in individual and team decision-making. Industrial Corporate Change, 9(4), (2000): 623. Williams, Chuck. â€Å"Chapter 5: Planning and Decision Making.† Mgmt4. Mason, OH:  South-Western, 2012. 89-93. Print. Rykrsmith, E. (2011, November 15). Becoming a Better Influencer: 4 Most Effective  Influence Tactics (Part I) | The Fast Track. Web. McClelland, D. C. (1995). Power Is the Great Motivator. Harvard Business Review,  73(1), p. 125-139. Holmes, S. (2008, September 16). The 5 Most Important Influence Tactics For Leaders.  Web. Katzenback, Jon and Douglas Smith. The Discipline of Teams. Harvard Business Review, (1993): 162-171. Katzenbach, Jon and Smith, Douglas. The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High- Performance Organization, Harper Business, 1993. Print. Stephen Robbins Timothy Judge. Chap ter 10: communication. In, Essentials of  Organizational behaviour (2009): 155-157. This research paper on Effective organisation management was written and submitted by user Abrielle Anthony to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The case of George Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin

The case of George Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin The case of George Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin is one where each perspective and angle has to be examined in order to establish the best course of action. In discovering the story it is crucial to analyze the facts that are known, thus it would be possible to determine who was morally correct and not.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The case of George Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, the identity of each person must be looked at, in the specific emotional setting of the situation. George Zimmerman was a designated representative of the community in the patrol of the area. As he was specifically set out to look for any irregular activity, he was already predisposed to conditions that required a person to be in position of authority and mental sensitivity. Because he felt that it is his duty to pursue Trayvon Martin, even the fact that he was told not to follow the suspicious person , he still proceeded. Trayvon Martin was in a much different position, as his identity and emotional characteristics were different. He was acting casually, as he was from the neighborhood and did not feel mentally responsible to commit specific actions or not (Trayvon Martin Case (George Zimmerman), 2013). In managing identity, witnesses will be instrumental in helping illustrate the background of each individual. The rights of people are a given, so each parties must be treated with respect and proper duties. The resolution of conflict starts with the identification of the necessary actions of each individual and then, aligning the necessity and carried out behavior. Because the face is the identity of the person, people are judged on who they are and the reputation they have. Both people had a group of friends and community residents who provided support and have know both parties. First, Trayvon Martin was identified as a person who was social and was of very respectable reputat ion. Then, there were some controversial news about his character and some pictures were discovered on his phone that portrayed him in a different light. At the same time, it is thought that information of such nature can be seen out of context and might be inadmissible as character identity because the social and background have not played a crucial role at the moment of conflict. The situation was localized to the time of the day and how both parties acted (Trayvon Martin murder case: Opening clash on shooters motive, 2013). The emotional aspect is very different for the two sides involved. Because George Zimmerman is now facing charges and consequences of his actions, it must be shown that he acted on reasonable grounds and there is no excess of force or use of authority. The people who support the â€Å"not guilty† verdict are supportive of Zimmerman and thus, help his emotional state.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help yo u! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Not only does he face the feelings of guilt from shooting, he also has pressure from the community and the court. To resolve his conflict, he must be allowed to present his reasons and explain what was the specific and adequate action that could have been taken. The emotional state of Trayvon Martin was completely opposite because he felt that he was violated and profiling took place. The family of the victim is directly affected by the conflict because from one perspective they are not able to find any consolation in the matter. The conflict must be resolved through mediation but it is rather hard, as the consequences were very one sided (Zimmerman portrayed as vigilante in Trayvon Martin shooting, 2013). References Trayvon Martin Case (George Zimmerman). (2013). Web. Trayvon Martin murder case: Opening clash on shooters motive. (2013). Web. Zimmerman portrayed as vigilante in Trayvon Martin shooting. (2013). Web.

Learning Theory of Career Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Learning Theory of Career Counseling - Essay Example Technically, career counseling is a dominantly verbal process between a career counselor and counselee which focus on the counselees goals and aspirations in life (Bandura, A. (1989). The process of career counseling generally involves four elements namely (1) to help the person attain greater self-awareness in the areas of values, abilities, personality style and work interest, (2) to connect the person to resources that can help them be more prepared to tackle certain types of jobs and occupation (3) guide the person towards a decision-making process to choose a career path that suits their values, interest, abilities and personality style and (4) to help the person become an active manager of his or her career path and become lifelong learners in professional development through his or her life (Herr & Cramer, 1996). There are a number of counseling theories that are used by career counselors today. One of the first and perhaps simpler ways to explore career opportunities and learn problem-solving behavior is through Krumboltzs learning theory pf career counseling (Krumboltz 1979). The social learning theory of career counseling suggests that the interplay of factors such as the genetic endowments and special abilities of the person, the environmental conditions and events, the learning experience of the person and the magnitude of the task at hand has significant impact on the career choices of a person (Krumboltz, 1979; 1994). The perception of the person of his or her abilities can shape his or her choice of a career and may contribute greatly in establishing his or her career beliefs. In some cases, career beliefs become so deeply ingrained in the culture of a community that it now guides the career choice of the person who belongs to such a community (Krumboltz, 1994). A good example of career belief can be seen in the way family members decide to become doctors because their forefathers

Why Health-Care should be free in America Essay

Why Health-Care should be free in America - Essay Example They deem it a birthright. Caring for the country’s sick without regard to their societal position is a duty civilized societies accept, at least those outside of America. The Republican answer is to give tax incentives to businesses and individuals that buy health insurance however this would not deal with the root of the problem. Even people with insurance are restricted to the treatments they get, usually dependent on bureaucrats rather than doctors to determine treatment. Democrats support what is termed as a ‘single payer’ system, otherwise named universal health care, a more effective system that covers all persons, essentially imitating a similar approach employed by Canada, Britain, Brazil, Cuba, Japan, Russia, western European nations and many other countries. Employing universal health care will greatly reduce the burden of rising healthcare costs to working families and eradicate the quality of care segregate in this country that exists between the rich and the other 95 percent of the people. The majority of Americans identify the health care crisis as one of the major concerns facing the country as evidenced by the magnitude of rhetoric allocated to this subject. Most Americans agree with the majority of the world in that a nation has the responsibility to care for its injured and sick regardless of their financial status. â€Å"Nearly seven in ten respondents go so far as indicating they would be willing to pay more in federal taxes to assure that every American citizen has health care coverage† (â€Å"Who should pay† 2004). That more than 45 million American citizens do not possess health insurance is widely recognized but it’s those who are insured who too often cannot afford the health care they need. A universal health care system similar to what is offered the majority of ‘civilized’ nations should not be

What is the Video Display Terminal Issue Assignment

What is the Video Display Terminal Issue - Assignment Example Many jobs today in the office field today are computer driven. A minimum of eight hours in front of a computer can damage or affect workers negatively. When a worker goes home uses cell phones, home computers, or PDA’s, the number of hours spent in front of a VDT will be in excess of eight hours a day. This amount of time in front of a VDT will not only affect workers negatively but decrease worker productivity as well. VDT affects range from mild to severe. Most of VDT complaints are neck/shoulder pain, headaches, blurred vision, eyestrain, headaches, and other vision problems (Salibello and Nilsen 1995:679). All of these symptoms decrease worker productivity by making the worker ill. Neck/shoulder pains make a worker rub their neck and shoulders more. Workers tend to focus on their pain center instead of productivity. This symptom can also produce restless nights making workers come in tired and sluggish. Other health factors are not as obvious as the ones listed above. One health issue is dust particle attraction toward a VDT screen. Many people allergic to dust or other airborne allergens might suffer from red eyes, rash, or sinus problems. Cleaning the computer screen frequently can prevent allergens from affecting workers. There are discussions about radiation emitting from VDT. No tests have been conclusive about radiation from a VDT screen harming workers have been found. The concern is still present, however, especially in pregnant women. These health issues are not as common but can impact worker productivity as well. VDT’s themselves can be harmful, but placed incorrectly a VDT can cause even more damage. When placing a VDT in an office lighting consideration is vital. Different workers need different types of lighting.  

The Influence Of Internet And New Media Media Essay

The Influence Of Internet And New Media Media Essay This study aims to give insight into the meaning young educated people in Syria give to the Internet and new media as a means to gain social, political and religious agency, and the influence this has on existing social structures in a traditional and authoritarian state like Syria. Background The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing. Especially social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter and Blogger have opened new ways of communication over the last couple of years. As global Internet access is growing, the effects of the Internet have also spread to the Middle East, and its influence on restrictive socio-political entities is often mentioned in the press. One may think of news headlines like Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement (Time Magazine  [1]  ), In Egypt, Pushing Revolution by Internetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ (Newsweek  [2]  ) or the frequently mentioned influence of Internet on changing social and religious patterns (e.g. Ambrust 2000). Unfortunately, academic knowledge to back up these claims is very limited. In a country like Syria, Internet was virtually non-existent less than ten years ago. Today however, a fast growing group  [3]  of people has access to the global network and many shops, mosques and political movements have created a space on-line. All these developments seem to have a big impact in a traditional and authoritarian society. But how can Internet and new media influence the agency of people? Why Syria ? Syria is a traditional society with an authoritarian government where gaining agency is highly channeled through religious and social traditions or membership of the ruling Baath party. However, as the countrys age demographic is changing (the majority of the people is under the age of thirty  [4]  ) and globalization has brought new ideas inside its borders, the younger generation seems to search for more direct ways to gain agency. At the same time, Internet usage is on the rise and recent figures  [5]  indicate that social networking sites are attracting an increasing community of (young) Syrians who use these media to interact with friends, exchange ideas and form digital communities. There are also examples of young Syrians using the Internet to gain agency. Syrian Facebook users recently organized a successful campaign to boycott mobile telephone providers in protest against high tariffs (Sharif 2009) and a simple search brings up a plethora of on-line Syrian communities, ranging from religious discussion groups to calls for educational reform. Nevertheless, recent initiatives calling for mass protests against the government were less successful  [6]  . Despite these developments, Reporters Without Borders ranked Syria among the thirteen enemies of the Internet  [7]  , a conclusion based on the persistent monitoring of Internet dissidents by the state and the blocking of websites. However, in the wake of the popular uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, the Syrian government recently (February 2011) made a remarkable step by opening up the Internet and dismantling blockades on websites like Facebook, Twitter and Youtube  [8]  . With an ever growing Internet community and the legalization of access to social networking websites, it seems likely that the role of the Internet and new media as a means to gain agency will increase over the next couple of years. Research questions (preliminary) The main question I would like to pose in this study is:What meaning do young, educated people in Syria give to the Internet and new media as a means to gain agency and change existing structures? To answer the main research question, it is important to first answer a couple of sub-questions. By tackling these questions, I will increase my insight into the subject as the research progresses. How do young, educated people in Syria use the Internet and new media? How do young, educated people in Syria believe that their use of the Internet and new media influences their social values, societal participation and world view? What is the position of the Internet and new media in current social, political and religious structures in relation to young, educated people in Syria? How are existing structural forces in Syria (e.g. religious, political, traditional entities) acting and adapting to the use of Internet and New Media use? Methodology (preliminary) This study will have a social-anthropological focus. While using statistical data where possible, the research methods that will be used will mainly be qualitative: individual interviews, participant observation and focus group discussions. By investigating the (perception of) influence as experienced by people themselves, it will be possible to draw a picture of the way Internet and new-media influence their agency and the existing structures. I will also conduct research through on-line participant observation on Syrian social-network sites and by following the activities of other new media. Furthermore, I will investigate how (religious, social and governmental) structural forces (re)act towards the use of Internet and new Media by investigating policies, publications and activities. Before the start of my fieldwork period (1 year), I will start with an extensive literature research on the subject. During the fieldwork period, I will gain access to the target group through my personal network of people, which I have built-up over the last couple of years (see also: personal information). Theories and concepts (preliminary) Central to this study are the concepts of structure and agency. Agency refers to the ability of people to act independently, have control over their life and make free choices. Structure, by contrast, refers to the pattern or framework of relationships between social institutions such as political systems, religion, class, customs and moral norms, which influence or limit the choices and opportunities that individuals possess. In applying these concepts, I will follow Anthony Giddens Structuration theory (1986). The Structuration theory holds that all human action happens within the framework of an existing social structure which is controlled by a set of norms and laws. Therefore, human actions are at least partly predetermined based on the contextual rules under which they occur. However, structures are not definite and external, but sustained and modified by human actions. Therefore, in and through their activities (agency), people reproduce and transform the conditions (structures) that make these activities possible. Besides Giddens, this study will also build on publications by some of his contemporaries who have published on the subject, like Bourdieu (1977) , Berger Luckman (1966) and Orilowski (1992, 2000), who have published on the duality of structure to technology. Furthermore, I will also use sources from the realm of (new) media studies for the conceptual and theoretical framework of this study. Manual Castells has been one of the most significant social theorist of new media in the last two decades. In his Information Age trilogy (1996, 1998, 2000), Castells argues that the development of communication network structures and architectures is a core feature of the contemporary social condition. These networks are not controlled by anyone but extend outward from computing and information communication technologies to all forms of social, economic and cultural relations. In Critique of Information (2002) the sociologist and critical theorist Scott Lash, builds forth on Castells and argues that the rise of the global information order is marked by a fundamental blurring of the distinction between culture and technology. This means that in order to influence relations of power, inequality and domination within a technological and informational c ulture, one must become part of the networks and flows of this informational culture. In their work on Internet use in Trinidad, Miller and Slater (2001) come to a rejection of Internet research that focuses on the way in which new media seems to constitute spaces or places apart from the rest of social life (real life or offline life). Internet (and new-media) are rather spaces within social life in which new forms of sociality and new identities are emerging. Internet and new media should thus be seen as extensions of the social space rather than tools within the social space. Poster (2001) summarizes this as follows, the Internet is more like a social space than a thing, so that its effects are more like those of Germany than those of hammers. In conjunction with Miller and Slater, Jenkins (2006) argues that the frame of reference for individuals who are connected, is not the same as for those who are not. Connected people judge their social environment according to different standards, sourcing from norms, values and beliefs that not always match with the social p ractices they are subject to in real life. In relation to the research topic, we can say that instead of being an instrument to gain agency, Internet and new media may function as a place, within social space, that is out of reach for the structures that normally define it. That is, unless these structural forces will also embrace new media and the Internet. This place within social space creates a new social reference frame and a platform for sharing thoughts, beliefs and ideas which may contribute to the increase of an individuals agency in society.

The Benefits of Environmentally Responsible Residential Housing Essays

The Benefits of Environmentally Responsible Residential Housing    Beginning in the 1960s, our society has become increasingly aware of mankind’s negative impact on the earth. We have heard more about topics such as pollution, water contamination, Acid Rain, and Global Warming. All of these environmental concerns have displayed a need for more environmentally sensitive development. Environmentally responsible residential development is defined by Brewster as, "the production of building and communities that conserve resources and reduce waste through more efficient use of materials, energy, and water; that are more durable and useful; and that are designed for adaptive use or the recycling of their materials" (33). By definition alone, this type of development fits the description of sensitive development. I propose that we, as a society, must provide more incentives to encourage development such as environmentally responsible residential houses, because it will help reduce pollution, conserve limited and natural resources, and ensure a susta inable future. The need for such housing must be established with consumers before more environmentally responsible houses are demanded in the market. One reason for this type of building, would be to properly address the problems of the energy crisis. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the energy crisis as, "a serious shortage of energy-producing fuels" (Simpson 5:241). Today, we are consuming our fossil fuels at ten million times the rate they are produced naturally (Griffin 4). At this rate, we will eventually deplete all of our fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gases. The energy crisis also addresses another reason to build environmentally responsible development, which... ...itute, 1974. Loeb, Penny. "Very Troubled Waters: Despite the Clean Water Act, the Quality of Rivers Worsens." U.S. News and World Report. 28 Sept. 1998: 39-41. Phillips, Kristi. "Home Made of Junk Takes Load off Planet." The Arizona Republic 24 Oct. 1998: E1. Pijawka, K. David, and Kim Shetter. "Sustainable Design." The Environment Comes Home: Arizona Public Service Environmental Showcase Home. Tempe: Herberger Center for Design Excellence, 1995. Simpson, J. A., and E. S. C. Weiner. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. United States. Panel on Energy Demand Analysis, Committed on Behavioral and Social Aspects, of Energy Consumption and Production, Commission on Behavioral and Social Science and Education, and the National Research Council. Improving Energy Demand Analysis. Washington D. C.: National Academy Press, 1984.

The Dangers of Fossil Fuels

In recent decades, we have seen a remarkable advancement in science and technology. Owing to this, many wonder why the primary sources of consumer energy remain non-renewable fuels; petroleum (36%), coal (27%) and gas (23%) [International Energy Agency, 2013]. The issue with this is, â€Å"fossil fuels† which took millions of years to form are running out at an unprecedented rate, and there is no consensual view as to what will replace them. There are many reasons why the general population should be concerned about such an event affecting them.Firstly, wrought global development and population growth society has become overly dependent on energy from exogenous sources like fossil fuels. Secondly, the easier fuels to obtain have been mostly depleted hence companies are resorting to costly and hazardous extraction methods. Finally, the profitability of fossil fuel extraction is fast decreasing and this is inciting countries to use alternative sources such as hydro-electric. Sus tained global growth has left the world in a perilous position. In 1850 when the capacity of resources such as oil and coal were first predicted, they were deemed to sat for centuries.One factor these predictions failed to consider was sudden exponential population growth, a function of both technological advances and medical breakthroughs. Fossil fuels were the meaner by which this was made possible as their discovery led to more developed societies; incentives human growth. Today, the next wave of developing nations like China demand more fuel for their growing populations and are competing with high-development countries for a bigger portion of the rapidly shrinking resource. The migration from a forager society to an agricultural society was a key event in the context of energy.The people at this stage in history knew using all their energy hunting and gathering prevented them from doing activities they would otherwise want to do. Eventually, though communal agriculture, they le arnt to conserve their survival energy by forming a society wherein each member provided for one another. The discovery of the heat engine reinvigorated this idea. Work from human labor could be replaced with work from an exogenous source, in this instance fossil fuels. Today society continues exploit this idea to improve quality of life, mostly through transport and warmth.Services, manufacturing, minerals, food and clean water are further benefits of the constant flow of energy people receive. 90% of the energy consumed by the western world comes from non-human sources. (DRP T Morgan, 2013). Without the abundance of energy, the economic-based society humans know would cease to exist. There is scarcely enough energy in the form of fossil fuels for most to live easy and fulfilling lives, but the general populous should concede they deed to adapt sooner rather than later. The easy to obtain fuels like crude oil are depleting quickly.Consequently, companies reap millions of barrels of petrol, rendering these sources unprofitable. With fossil fuels not as abundant or easy to obtain as they used to be, desperate measures in the form of Franking and Deep Sea Drilling are being used. However, these methods are costly and put unnecessary stress on the environment. Governments don't feel obliged to intervene when the struggle for fuel is being eased. People wonder why governments are unconcerned that public funds are being spent n dangerous and costly extraction processes like franking and deep-sea drilling instead of investing it into finding a substitute.The reason is blatant: so citizens are kept happy. The world seems prosperous at this moment in history, but who knows how soon people will regret these senseless decisions. Much energy is needed to build and run the equipment, extraction devices and vehicles we need to obtain oil, natural gas and coal. Since the industrial revolution, ERROR (energy returned on energy invested) has been extremely high. For example, when oil was discovered companies got over 100 units of energy back for every 1 unit used during extraction (Charles Hall, 2010).This made extraction a profitable industry though as I noted previously, fuel reserves dried out and became harder to find. TAP Research (2013) found the global average ERROR last year had fallen to 15:1 . The effects of this trend have been seen everywhere, for instance rising petrol prices. In fifteen years, the cost of petroleum in New Zealand has tripled from 80 cents a litter to 220 cents a litter. Alternate fuels transport is presently so inconvenient that this trend seems destined to continue.The world may witness an energy cliff in the near future when the amount of energy consumed during extraction actually surpasses the amount the economy gets in return. Suddenly, renewable sources by default will become the favorable option, because they are economical enough to exploit. Future motorists will be forced to drive electric vehicles like the Ionians Leaf, even if according to specifications they cost $70 000, have a range of 100 kilometers and take n absurd 20 hours to charge on house current.Energy is one of the most important things in modern life; it fuels transport, businesses, schools, heats houses and gives us light. Without it people are confined to being hunter-gatherers. It is hard for one to conceive living like this, but this type of living may become standard if the energy surplus is wiped. Moving on from fossil fuels presents itself as a colossal challenge, one the next generation has to accept. In New Zealand, a high proportion of their energy consumed comes from hydro, ego- Herman and wind sources, so they could stand as the world leaders of a global renewable energy revolution.There is much potential for sources of clean energy like solar and wind power to outlast fossil fuels, and it would be great to see more money invested in these types of renewable energy sources. One hopes people will be informed in the f uture of the consequences of utilizing fossil fuels so they can make sensible decisions around their use. World governments can't ignore the issue forever, and every time someone speaks up makes it more likely for them to towards a brighter future.

Colorado River Pollution Essays

Colorado River Pollution Essays Colorado River Pollution Paper Colorado River Pollution Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution River supplies water to most of the southwestern United States and despite this fact, pollution levels are continually rising and in some cases above acceptable limits. The Colorado River supplies and runs through five states and during some parts of the year to the Mexican border. During the rivers journey various types of pollutants come into contact to with it degrading the water quality downstream. The river water benefits humans in multiple ways the first obvious answer is by drinking it. Farming and other agricultural uses demand 60% and sometimes as much as 90% of its water. Using polluted water for irrigation passes the contaminants into the crops and ultimately onto our dinner tables. Water is scarce in the southwestern United States and water is essential for human survival. The Colorado River is the primary reason why the southwest can sustain the massive population in the region. Without this lifeline? of freshwater, we must find another means of supplying water to millions. Desalinating the water from the Pacific Ocean is not yet cost effective enough to handle the demand although about 8% to 10% of the water applied to Southern California comes from desalination plants. Every year the government allocates more water from the Colorado River that is unrelated to human survival. According to an article in the San Diego Union Tribune Oil and natural-gas drilling in Colorado requires so much water that if its annual demand were satisfied all at once, it would be the equivalent of shutting off most of Southern Californians water for five days. (Hastener, 2008). During his term, President Bush authorized more drilling in Colorado than at any time since 1984. With these types of policies taking hold f the river one must ask the question, what is more important energy or life? The construction of the various dams along the Lower Colorado River system allowed small boomtowns to thrive along the banks of the now tamed river. Small towns and industrial facilities built close to river to take advantage of a good supply of water, and some used the rivers current to carry away pollutants. Of the many pollutants the river absorbs three are worth noting they are nitrates, percolate, and radioactive waste. Nitrates come from excessive human waste; this waste encounters the river wrought the ground when septic tanks become overloaded. Lake Haves, AZ, is the lake that supplies water for the California Aqueduct; moon tutoring wells routinely test for nitrates and other pollutants. High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water can decrease the oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin. This intensity of this effect increases in babies; the common term is blue-baby syndrome. The nitrate levels found in the Lake Haves wells are four times higher the recommended EPA levels. Small town development cannot shoulder the blame for percolate pollution, as it is a chemical found in rocket fuel. However, lax industrial standards in a small budding town might be the cause for this pollution issue. A factory in Henderson, NV, in the suburbs of Alas Vegas, manufactures rocket fuel for the military. The company that operates the rocket fuel plant has already spent over 80 million dollars to reduce the amount of percolate flowing in Lake Mead. Despite these efforts approximately 400 pounds of percolate flows into the lake daily. The EPA or FDA has yet to identify acceptable levels of percolate, but the chemical has shown to cause thyroid and hormonal deficiencies. The next type of pollution is by far the most dangerous, radioactive Waste at any concentration is dangerous. In Mob, UT, along the Colorado River is a former uranium mill; 16 million tons of tailings from this mill have accumulated along the riverbanks. These tailings leach over 1 00,000 gallons of radioactive water into the river each day. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) water containing uranium is usually safe to drink but in elevated amounts can cause kidney defects and some types of cancer. In 2005, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADAGE) formed he Clean Colorado River Alliance (The Alliance) under a recommendation from then Governor Janet Neapolitan. The Alliances first task was to develop recommendations for dealing with current water problems in the Colorado River. Next, address the water quality of the river for human sustainability now and into the future. Lastly develop an action plan for dealing with the pollution issues of the river; The Alliance delivered the final report to Governor Neapolitan in December 2005. The preliminary report outlined a partnership plan modeled after the Chesapeake Bay Program. Although major differences exist between the Colorado River cleanup project and the Chesapeake Bay reclaim project, the fundamental principles of a successful program are similar. The final report delivered to Governor Neapolitan is a detailed look into the major pollutants contained in the river system. The Alliance detail seven pollutants devoting a chapter to each one, including an action plan for dealing with the pollutant individually. The six pollutants covered are nutrients, metals, endocrine disrupting compounds, percolate, bacteria and pathogens, salinity/total solved solids, and sediments and suspended solids. The Alliances report gives a comprehensive action plan for reducing the amount of pollution in and river and improving overall water quality. The well- written report effectively follows the key lessons learned from the Chesapeake Bay Program. However, there is an overabundance of managing entities, too many hands in the pot extends deadlines effectively stalling any effort for actual physical cleanup. Eliminating certain entities from the mix would streamline the process of achieving a noticeable improvement in river water quality. Determining which entity to remove from the deciding process could be interesting the federal agencies carry more weight but the local agencies are at the frontline of the problem. The following sustained plan takes aim at Colorado River pollution from the source. Target main sources of pollution and develop strategies for elimination. Reduce the amount of water allocations for purposes not related to human survival. Increasing the amount of Water flowing through the river will decrease the concentrations of contaminants in the river. Lastly educate municipalities about the type of contaminants to look for and educate industrial facilities on how to dispose of polluting materials properly. Action Items Action Steps I Timeline I Target pollution at the source I Using the report from the Clean Colorado River Alliance to determine where the highest concentrations of pollution encounter the river. Eliminating the source will at least result in a substantial decrease in pollution. I Months 0-6 | Review Water Allocations I Identify and prioritize water allocations in order of human importance. Impose stop work penalties on industrial facilities that do not meet the predetermined incineration levels. I Months 6-14 Educational Educate the various state and local governments about what type of contaminants to look for and best practices for removing the pollution. Teach management of local water facilities how to interpret findings from well test reports. Educate industry professionals about how to dispose of hazardous or potentially hazardous materials that affect water quality properly. I Month 14-ongoing I The benefits of this plan are that it takes a proactive approach to pollution reduction. We know where pollutants come from but most other sustained Lana attempt to clean already polluted water. This plan targets pollution where it first encounters the river instead of attempting to deal with the aftermath. The amount of water the Colorado River can generate is limited; sending water to where it is needed the most is common sense. This plan proposes not monetary penalties but stop work penalties, when the economy is strong companies are able to pay fines for over pollution and continue degrading the downstream water quality. Eliminating fines leaves no other alternative but to change destructive work practices that pertain to the river. Education is the key for any issue, and this issue is no exception. Educating local water municipalities will ensure water quality standards set forth by the EPA are met consistently. This plan also contains numerous challenges, since this river flows though multiple states and affects numerous industries it undoubtedly meet resistance. Targeted polluters would have to change current business practices to eliminate pollution; often a substantial cost would be involved. Some companies simply do not have the capital for such change and risk going out of business. Water allocations are determined at the federal level wrought congress, so getting changes in allocations would take costly lobbying and extended legislation. However, one alternative could be to lobby the President to declare the river endangered. Although education is the key, everyone learns different and developing a curriculum that appeals to everyone is difficult and costly. Society has an obligation to itself to preserve life; with water, a necessity for life the decision to support any type of water sustained plan is eliminated. The people included in any American society all have the ability to use their voices for change. Elected officials in the federal government hear their voices that in turn develop new laws and regulations. To make any type of sustained plan a successful endeavor requires support from the federal government. The government either controls or at least heavily influences most of the affairs concerning the Colorado River. The fed can only introduce and put new laws into effect the local and state authorities must enforce the laws and regulations. Americanizes. Org named the Colorado River Americas most endangered river.

Budgets Cuts and Their Negative Effect on School Essays

Budgets Cuts and Their Negative Effect on School Essays Budgets Cuts and Their Negative Effect on School Essay Budgets Cuts and Their Negative Effect on School Essay Essay Topic: College application Zone One BUdget Budget Cuts Affect School Education Negatively By Jose Valdez English Composition 10/15/12 Everybody has their own hopes and dreams, which being having a stable job or being the next Neil Armstrong this is becoming is less likely thanks to the budget cuts to educations. If budgets cuts continue our dreams wont be chosen but pre-determent brought by the limitation of education. How do we know the student being limited education won’t be the next president? Budgets cuts are affecting schools nationwide. Starting early is a key element in a student’s development in their education and studies and will pre set how well they can understand and complete tasks. Since doing mathematical equations or learning about our past presidents is not equally as fun as playing video games is tend to be hard to keep students interested. Since technology is advancing in a fast pace is easier to make learning fun and twice as evident. Since everything cost money the budget cuts don’t allow this methods to be tested or use which leaving student to just to glide thru elementary not learning how beneficial and fun education can be and show them how dreaming can pay off. Besides budget cuts teaching is pointless to dream it has made countless of school close mostly elementary since according to Budget And Policy Priorities more than two thirds of the states are providing each student with the amount they provided in 2008 which is about 250 dollars per student, per year. So each student is receiving about 200 or so per year which is not enough which means another student funding is being use which put the second student who’s fun is being use for the other student with less money for their education which is leaving a never ending domino effect. No wonder school are closing they don’t have enough money to support their current student or the future student leaving students with no school or just putting their dreams on hold. Not only that but since more schools are closing, school lunches and breakfast may be the only meals for some of these student and since there is no school there is no meal for the student who really need them. So budget cuts are not only taken away student’s dreams but their meals as well. Is sad how politicians prefer to fill their pockets instead of kid’s stomach Who ever were lucky to have gone elementary and graduate has the privilege to fight for a spot in middle school. Since budget cuts limit space and class sizes in schools now in days it has become more of a warzone during registration and anxious parents hopping to get a spot for their children and not having to come back next year leaving their kids to lose the knowledge they gain and maybe their only meal. Knowledge is like a pencil if it’s not sharpens once in a while it looses its point. For the lucky few who get a spot now will have to suffer threw class sizes of 40 or more students. With bigger size classes it has become harder for them to get help from their teacher since the teacher has to divide their attention equally to 40 or more students. Leaving the student with unanswered question and which may lead the student not understanding the material. Since there varieties of ways to get help with school work most of them been cut like tutors due to school budgets leaving students unattended and to fend for them self. Budget cuts not only affect students but teacher as well because like grading papers was not hard enough imagine grading 40 or more students papers which lead to teachers to be behind schedule and not letting them advance in their teachings which in the student suffer since they don’t learn. Since now students have 6 classes now they will have to have 6 different textbooks and thanks to budget cuts most students will only get one copy which will be use for school and home they will have to carry with them everyday. Textbook that may be up to date or miss dated or miss treated. Imagine the strain they poor backs must suffer all thanks that budget cuts wont allow them to have a copy of the book in class. Budget cuts are forcing students to not only to learn on their own but as well to carry largely heavy books that may really hurt their backs. After most students have finish middle which seems more like home school than a regular middle school they will have they will have to go threw the same process that they went thru middle school registration. Since the main focus for high school is to get high school student ready for college. Which mean teaching student what classes they need to take, what requirement is needed to attend certain colleges. The basic each future college attendee should know. Since budget cuts have limit or cut college prep classes most student go thru high school not knowing how to go to college and for most those classes can be the difference of graduating or not graduating. Since budgets cuts are taking away not only the college prep classes but as well as excellent teachers’ we have un experience teachers teaching classes they have no experience on. Which miss lead student to false or little information. Thanks as well budget cuts has cut the school year by almost one month forcing teacher to shove lectures down student throats and making students swallow the teaching whole with out no time to chew or process all the info there being fed and they ask why we do so poorly on test. The budget cuts has force education to be taught in an inefficient way, which is shown on our test scores, which affect the student for a better chance at a college of their choice, which only will limit their dreams and hopes. After student go thru the pain of college application and waiting thru the pain and hopping the budget has not taking a toll in there chance of getting into the college of there dreams . Which seems more and more are not getting to their desire college because they where unprepared mentally or finically which is all thanks to budget cuts. Since most don’t get to the college of their dreams they will have to go with their back up plan being junior college or trade school. Which work for other but not the plan they hope for. If school was not expensive enough for student who does attend a Cal State or UC they always have the fear of intuition always going up which again is thanks again to the budget cuts. Since most student depend on financial aid to help them pay thru school most of the student are receiving less on less of finial aid and more and more student loans. For which most student is okay since in the end its worth it but t the point of college is to get student started to the carrier of their dream how are they suppose to do that when they have students loan breathing behind their backs. Most students can just hope to fins a job to start paying off their loans as soon as possible which most do find and which most don’t. According to Washington Post 1 out of 2 college graduates are under paid or are underplayed so meaning it will take longer for them to pay their students loans or will some will have them for live. When most student think the nightmare of struggling for classes and learning is over they go to college to see students fighting for classes. The states are higher in for classes since one class can mean the difference from graduating or having to put your future until the needed class is available. Thanks to budget cuts limiting how many of each certain class there can be really has put many college students dreams into hold. Since most people think all students are the same and don’t think don’t school is realy important maybe the school budget cuts funding can be places some where else where they were really appreciate being back into the communities. Which little do they know helping student will benefit the community twice as much. As a student I’m affected by the budget cuts, as a student I cant understand the pain of other student go thru thanks to the budget cuts who. I lived thru the warzone of registration, the mass of classes of students I had to sit by an Thanks to budget cuts it has force to change when I will retire when I can have a stable job or future. It has changed how much I will have to pay since now I see now matter how much of a stable of a job I will have will never be a stable job since I will be paying a debt that maybe will take a life time to pay off. I will always told school was affordable but was I lied to or thanks to budget it has made our schools and teachers to liars. Since students loans has its limit it has force me to get a full time job to help pay for school. Which has made a big strain on me since I barely get any sleep. Budget cuts don’t only affect your pocket put your health, budgets cuts has become a disease that is out of control and if we don’t but a stop to it more student will suffer like I am. I have to little sister who are in elementary in a few years they will be going to middle school, then high school and so on. I don’t want them to go thru fighting for a spot in classes or seeing their hope and dreams crush or put on hold since some greedy politicians find having big pockets are more important than students future. Budget cuts it’s a disease that affects student hope and dreams. They force student to learn own their own and affect their help being by getting no sleep or carrying heavy books. Forcing them to work hours to pay for school since school should be a reward for their hard work. Budget will force school grounds to be a warzone one day since most student will have to start fighting for there future which is shouldn’t be that way every student should have the equal opportunity as any student to try to build there hope and dreams and how far they go will be up to them. How do we know thank to budget cuts we denied the next best president to be born or the person who will find the cure for cancer show his idea to make a world a better place. Budget cuts don’t only affect student but the future of the world and the economy. Citations Education funding drops in more than half of states. (2012, September 5). Huff Post. Klein, A. (1992, August 18). Federal Education Cuts . Education Wee, pp. 5-5. Hope, Y. (2012, April 22). In Weak Job Market, One In Two College Graduates Are     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jobless Or Underemployed. Huff Post. Center on BUdget and Policy Prioreties. (2012, September 4). New school year     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  brings more cuts in state funding for schools [Editorial]. Retrieved from     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Center on Budget and Policy Prioreties website: cbpp. org/cms/     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  index. cfm? fa=viewamp;id=3825

A Socialists Rant against Capitalism That Likely Cost Him His Life Essay

A Socialists Rant against Capitalism That Likely Cost Him His Life - Essay Example Instead of consistently pleading his innocence in the Haymarket bombing in Chicago, Engel converted his argument into a battle between socialism and capitalism. In order to tear down the United States’ form of government and economy – democracy and capitalism – Engel blamed the hardship and oppression of every workingman on the capitalist machine. Engel used his plea to the State’s Attorney to promote his own ideals, rather than focusing on his alibi to disprove the perpetrators’ false accusations against him. Engel took the stage as the champion of the poor, pleading that prosperous capitalists were the root of their demise who must be crushed by the united â€Å"workingman.† Engel, like socialists Karl Marx and Joseph Stalin, made everything black and white in his appeal for support, portraying the â€Å"freedom fighting† proletariat as good and altruistic, while characterizing the opposition – in this case, the â€Å"tyranny of capitalism† − as wicked, oppressive, conspiring, and slave-inducing. Engel used his address as a vehicle to attack capitalism and promote socialism – more than his own innocence – an ineffective transitory argument that more than likely cost him his life. Not until more than halfway into his address does Engel press his plea to denounce the murder charge against him for conspiracy in the bombing, of which he claimed to have no part. He and his fellow anarchists faced the gallows or years of servitude for their involvement in the massacre (Engel). But, for ideological reasons, Engel made what should have been his primary argument his secondary contention ? that the charges against him were baseless and ill-conceived. This assertion of innocence goes down in history as having merit, but instead of directly attacking those specifically responsible for framing him, Engel contended that â€Å"capitalist rule† was at fault behind all that had gone awry. If Engel would have contained his attack to the particular capitalists involved in the plot, he could have likely met a different fate. In a republic that quickly rose to world prominence by 1886 as a result of its democratic and capitalistic form of government, Engel’s case against it was not only unpopular at the time; it was extremely hard to prove. To denounce the perpetrators of the scheme against him and his fellow socialists, Engel made sweeping generalizations against capitalism, calling it a tyrannical, repressive, and wicked system used to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. Effectively side-stepping the fact that numerous immigrants came from Europe with nothing to become successful entrepreneurs in America, Engel depicted capitalism and democracy as little more than a vehicle and guise for slave labor. Unable to provide success stories of socialism in other nations, Engels unconvincingly promoted the questionable economic and political system as the only utopian ideal worth fighting for. Today, in retrospect, one only needs to revisit the numerous socialist regimes that turned into communist dictatorships ? such as the one started by the Russian Revolution of 1917 ? to understand the true dangers of socialism. With more than 20 million murdered under Stalin’s socialist ideals, Engel’s call to violently depose the capitalists is taken with an even greater grain of salt today – especially with George Orwell’s widely read and colorful depiction in Animal Farm that divulges the corruption of socialism/communism and its

Capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 3

Capstone - Research Paper Example To put it briefly, study intends to illustrate the impact of the company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders on its overall success. In addition, the study conducts SWOT analysis for the company to determine its major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In the subsequent phase, the study discusses the various levels and types of strategies the firm may use to maximize its competitiveness and profitability. The study further outlines the communication plan for the company for devising strategies as well as it attempts to evaluate the managerial action based on the two corporate governance mechanism. Finally, the study presents recommendations for improving leadership within the company and assesses the impact of the company as a responsible (ethical) corporate citizen on bottom line supported with specific examples. The statement of mission and vision of the company are the core value that gives an idea about the identity and the reasons for its existence in the market. The company has established a clear statement that communicates its goals and objectives to stakeholders. It also supports the decision making process of the company (Alter, 2000). The mission statement of the company delineates the fundamental purpose for its existence. The impact of the company’s mission and vision is clearly apparent in its operations and decisions made by the top-level managers. The company in alignment with its mission and vision focuses on the demand of the consumers so that the highest customer’s satisfaction is delivered. The company aims to provide best stories according to the customer’s need and expectation to ensure growth and increase its profitability while producing films and news coverage that are widely appreciated by the customers. At the same time, the primary stakeholders of the company are constantly engaged in decision-making process with the aim of ensuring financial stability and enduring innovation necessary for operating